b'5.Notes on phonology and orthographyKiriwina has nineteen consonant phonemes: Five voiced stops: /b/ bilabial, /bw/ bilabial with lip rounded release, /d/ alveolar, /g/ velar, /gw/ velar with lip rounded release Five voiceless stops: /p/ bilabial, /pw/ bilabial with lip rounded release, /t/ alveolar, /k/ velar, /kw/ velar with lip rounded release Three nasal stops: /m/ bilabial, /mw/ bilabial with lip rounded release, /n/ alveolar Two fricatives: /s/ voiceless alveolar grooved, /v/ voiced bilabial Alveolar lateral /l/ Alveolar flap /r/ Two glides: /y/ high front, /w/ high back There are five vowel phonemes: /a/ low central /i/ high front unrounded /e/ close mid front unrounded in diphthong /ei/, open mid unrounded elsewhere /o/ close mid back rounded in diphthong /oi/, open mid back rounded elsewhere /u/ high back rounded There are six diphthongs: /ai/ glides from low central to high front /au/ glides from low central to high back rounded /ei/ glides from mid front to high front/eu/ glides from mid front to high back rounded /oi/ glides from close mid back rounded to high front unrounded /ou/ glides from mid back rounded to high back rounded When /k/ is followed by /a/ it is a back velar stop. In all other environments it is a front velar, almost a palatal stop.Thus, back velarkakamituliwe (dual excl) report front velar-kikekitasmall (things)When /ka/ is preceded by /u/ or /m/ (either within a word or across word boundaries) it becomes kwa. Thus: -kau to takeakau I take kukwauyou(sg) take ikauhe takes kabitamwisdomla kabitamhis wisdom m kwabitam your(sg) wisdom b)Another intrusion of the epenthetic w is seen in the adjective -veka (pl -vakaveka) big (item), where the Kiriwina speaker has difficulty in moving from the pronunciation of /ve/ (where v is articulated at the front) to /ka/ (where k is articulated right at the back), and the epenthetic w appears In a number of old word lists this difficulty was shown in different spellings of -veka as a three syllable form -veaka or -viyaka.But the base form is clearly a two-syllable form (ve + ka, with an epenthetic w interposed).The reduplicated plural form -vakaveka affirms the two-'