b'Generally the final vowel of the intransitive stem (usually /a/) is changed into /i/ in the transitive stem, with other vocalic changes taking place at the same time. When a speaker uses a class 3 verb intransitively he is speaking about the verbal action.If he uses the transitive stem he is either talking about the action of the verb on the direct object, or is referring to that action so strongly that he frequently does not need to state the direct object. intransitive stem derived transitive stem -kokolato be afraid-kukolito fear sthg or s.o. -tagwalato consent-tugwalito consent to sthg -sakaulato run -sakawolito run sthg (to s.o) -valuluto give birth-viluluto bear (a child) Class 4 verbs use the same stem for both intransitive and transitive reference.Some class 4 verbs are unmodified forms: stemintransitive transitive -banito search to search for sthg -veilauto steal to steal sthg Some class 4 verbs are modified stems from another verb class: stemvb class meaningmodified vb classmeaning -ma2to come-mai4bring sthg -la2to go-lau4take sthg -ma2to come-maiki4bring sthg to (a place) -naga3to choose-nigaki4choose sthg for s.o. The last two in this list are double object verbs.An example of their use: I-nigak-ai-gu la towotetila. 3sgchosejunction1sg hisservant He chose me to be his servant.The verb phrase The main verb phrase type is the declarative, containing the obligatory verb word with optional additional components, such as the modal markers (either a modal verb or modal adverbs) which are proclitic to the verb, verbal affixes as described below, and with temporal, locative and comitative phrases occurring in no fixed order, but usually following the verb.Adverbs of manner may also stand enclitic to the verb word (if they have not been included as a first order suffix to the verb stem). All verbs must be prefixed with a subject marker, stating person and number. If plural (more than one if 1 stand 2 ndperson, more than two if 3 rdperson), a plural marker is added as a suffix. A second order prefix is the optional mood (realis or irrealis) or aspect (habitual) marker. Ku-vagi.(subj + vb stem)You(sg) act (do sthg). Bu-ku-vagi. (irrealis + subj + vb stem)You(sg) will act. Bi-ta-vag-ai-si.(irrealis + subj + vb stem +junction + pl) We(incl pl) will act. All transitive verbs may be followed optionally by a first order suffix of various adverbial modifiers, then by a marker to indicate person and number of the 18'