b'1.AcknowledgementsThis dictionary has been a direct result of the help and encouragement of my friends in Papua New Guinea and Australia. At first, my best teachers were the people of Kiriwina, especially the pastors and lay leaders of the United Church there.My most valued friend was Pastor Antonio Lubisa Bunaimata, a high-ranking chief who had chosen to serve his people as a pastor.Antonio was initially my teacher and later a colleague in Bible translation, until his deathin2002.BeniaminaBoyamawasalsoaclosefriendformanyyearsanda valuablesourceofculturalinformation.TheRomanCatholicChurchleadersin Kiriwina, especially the Sacred Heart missionaries Fathers Twomey and McCormack, have been friends and co-workers. Early dictionary work was greatly helped by occasional visits from researchers, and Jerry Leach, Benno Meyer-Rochow and Don Hird responded to my pleas for help with enthusiastic aid plus pages of research notes.Harry Berans interest in primitive art often brought us together, to my dictionarys profit.I was helped also by consulting on linguistic problems with David Lithgow, who was working on the related Muyuw language of Woodlark Island, and later also with Gunter Senft when he began working on the Kaileuna dialect of Kiriwina (Senft 1986, 1996).In later years, when the task of Bibletranslationwaswelladvanced,NelsonToposona,LepaniAhabandDaniel Fellows were constant friends as we worked together. SupportcamealsofromtheMissionBoardoftheMethodist(laterUniting) Church in Sydney, and the United Church in Papua, as they separated me from routine churchworksothatIcouldconcentrateontranslation.TheRev.CecilGribble encouraged me and guided me towards the Australian National University, where (with the aid of a Commonwealth Scholarship) I was able to gain an MA in linguistics in 1980, with a thesis on Kiriwina classifiers.I had thought that being aged 74 I was too old to enrol for a doctorate until I read in a 2002 newspaper report of Vice-Chancellor IanChubbsintentiontogochasingfornewseniorstudentswithgenerous scholarships.Frank Hambly supported my renewed interest, and then when Harold Koch told me it was never too late, I enrolled as a doctoral student in the Linguistics Department, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies at the Australian National University.Theoriginalplan,suggestedbymychiefsupervisor,ProfessorAndrew Pawley, was that the thesis be on selected topics in Kiriwina lexicography, examining issuesencounteredandresolvedinthecourseofcompilingtheKiriwinatoEnglish dictionary.By and large I stuck to that plan DuringthisprocessProfessorPawleywasatirelessoverseerandrelentless reshaperofpoorly-expressedideas.ProfessorMalcolmRoss,mysecondsupervisor, critically read later drafts and opened my eyes to the important place that the Kiriwina language holds in Oceanic comparative historical linguistics.I benefitted from regular associationwithothermembersoftheDepartment,includingDarrellTryon,John Bowden, Wayan Arka, Bethwyn Evans, and Meredith Osmond, who accepted me as a colleague in research.Professor Pawley read the completed draft of the Kiriwina-English dictionary and the English-Kiriwina finder list and oversaw reformatting and copy-editing by Dr Melody Ross. Finally,Ihavereliedonthebedrockofmyfamilyssupport.Mydearwife Margaretnotonlyenduredmycompanyovertheyearsofresearch,dictionary compilation and thesis writing, but used her fine-tuned editorial skills to polish thesis drafts. Our children Jenni, Doug and Dave have a strong interest in the completion of a 5'